Eisenhower Warns of a Military Industrial Complex in Farewell Address

Date: January 17, 1961

Created By: Dwight D. Eisenhower

Original or Replica: Original

Era: The Presidency

Collection: Eisenhower Presidential Library

Citations: Eisenhower Presidential Library

On January 17, 1961, from the Oval Office, President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered his farewell address to the American people. This speech, marking the conclusion of his two-term presidency, remains one of the most influential and prophetic addresses in U.S. history.

In this address, Eisenhower expressed his deep gratitude to the American people while also offering a cautionary message about the future of the nation. He warned against the rise of the military-industrial complex, a term he coined to describe the powerful alliance between the U.S. military and the defense industry. He acknowledged the necessity of a strong national defense but urged vigilance to ensure that its influence did not compromise democracy, economic stability, or individual liberties.

Beyond this warning, Eisenhower also emphasized the importance of diplomacy, scientific progress, and national unity. He encouraged balance in governmental priorities, advocating for responsible spending and an informed, engaged citizenry to safeguard democracy.

The audio recording of this speech provides a rare and poignant glimpse into the final moments of Eisenhower’s presidency, as he reflects on the challenges and responsibilities of leadership. His words continue to resonate today, serving as a reminder of the delicate balance between security, economic interests, and democratic values.